Strategies to Promote Learner Engagement in Early Childhood Assessment

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Strategies to Promote Learner Engagement in Early Childhood Assessment

Infant and Toddlers
(1 to 3 years old)

Preschool
(3 to 5 years old)

Primary Grades
(Kindergarten to Grade 2)

Typical Behavior and Learning Characteristics

During this developmental stage, infants and toddlers progress significantly from crawling to walking (Goodway et al., 2019).

Preschool-aged children actively engage in enhanced social interactions, promoting the development of social skills through play (Goodway et al., 2019).

Children start formal school and adjust to a controlled learning environment (Khalfaoui et al., 2021).


Their primary mode of communication is nonverbal, relying on gestures, facial expressions, and confined vocalizations (Goodway et al., 2019).

During this stage of development, their linguistic acquisition expands, resulting in a more extensive vocabulary and the ability to articulate more complex thoughts (Goodway et al., 2019).

As children go through the primary years, their reading and writing abilities become increasingly apparent (Goodway et al., 2019).


During this period, learning is enhanced by active exploration of the surroundings, which includes tactile and sensory experiences (Goodway et al., 2019).

Their cognitive abilities, including rudimentary counting and understanding of geometric shapes, begin to emerge (Goodway et al., 2019).

They grow more self-sufficient in their learning, taking on more responsibility for their education (Khalfaoui et al., 2021).