Patient's Case: Respiratory Alkalosis
Scenario
A 75-year-old man was admitted with shortness of breath and lower extremity edema. He has been unwell for about a week and had multiple bouts of diarrhea over the previous 5 days. He does not take any medications. He was hyperventilating and was very distressed when EMS arrived. Admission arterial blood gas is listed below. He was on high concentration oxygen by mask on arrival to the emergency department.
Chemistry Results
Na+ = 127
HCO3- 20
HCO- = 30meq/L 3
K+ = 5.2
BUN 50.5
Glucose 9.5 mmols/l
Cl- 79
Creatinine 0.38
Anion gap 33 mmols/l
Arterial Blood Gases
pH 7.58
pCO2 21 mmHg
pO2 154 mmHg
HCO3 19 mmol/l
Questions
Answer the Following Questions:
What is this patient’s acid-base disorder?
Discuss why you how you came to that conclusion.
Is the patient compensating?
What are the pathophysiological responses that the body is attempting to use to compensate?
Patient's Case: Respiratory Alkalosis
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Patient's Case: Respiratory Alkalosis
The patient's acid-base disorder is respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis is a common disorder whereby the patient experiences reduced carbon IV oxide in the blood (Palmer, 2012). It majorly originates from excessive breathing. It is a critical acid-base disorder since it results from fever or panic, breathing excessively. Therefore the disorder requires effective monitoring to avoid possible complications that jeopardize respiratory health.
The reason for making such a conclusion is the high pH of 7.58. Higher pH shows reduced carbon IV oxide in the blood system. The primary gas that lowers the pH is carbon IV oxide. Therefore, whenever it becomes less in the blood, the pH increases. The patient was also hyperventilating. Hyperventilation refers to deep or rapid breath (Brinkman & Sharma, 2020). Due to hyperventilation, the volume of the carbon IV oxide in the patient's ...
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