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3 pages/≈825 words
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APA
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Health, Medicine, Nursing
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Coursework
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Understanding Important Concepts in Learning and Memory

Coursework Instructions:

Instructions
Your multi-part assignment is intended to test your understanding of important concepts and discover how to sharpen your intellectual skills of analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and application.
The intent of this assignment is to provide an opportunity to more fully describe, explain, and analyze the books and other sources. After you click on the Begin Assignment link, you will see that there is a text box following each question in which you can type your response. Most responses will be no more than 1 or 2 paragraphs.
I recommend that you compose your answer in your word processor and copy and paste your text into the box. You cannot attach any files to this assignment.
Before doing this assignment, it is important that you have notes about your reading og Chapters 5 to 11, otherwise it will be extremelly difficult. A table of cognitive/constructivist principles as suggested in "Introduction to Cognitive Learning" will be very useful. The critical question is: What are the cognitive processes occurring in the brain of History students in this case? Psychologist hypothesize a number of cognitive processes, giving them names and succinct descriptions; for instance: concept learning, problem-solving, acquisition of schemata, mental imagery, transfer of learning, memory constructions, etc.
The distinctions between these processes are not as clear-cut as those of Classic Conditioning and Ooperant Conditioning are, because they usually take longer to happen and may not be immediately evident in behavior.
For instance when you are new in a town, driving from one place to another involves frequent mistakes with respect to addresses and getting lost an number of times. After a few weeks later, you know your way and are capable to drive efficiently from any place to another. Cognitive scientist hypothesize that you acquired a "mental map" or "schema" of the town that it can be retrieved and self-corrected at will, the "map" has sub-components such as images (glass building downtown), symbols (Route 166 sign) and productions (go left on Main Street, drive parallel to river, etc.).
Based on the narrative of the case presented ihere, you need to discover what cognitive processes may be happening in Dick Johnson's History class; changes affect mainly the students but also the teacher. After reading the case, you need to describe processes and provide explanations why you think that such process or processes took place.
The general purpose of this assignment is that you apply the principles of cognitive learning studied through the indicated chapters. You will read a 'real' case of teaching and learning and then identify learning principles that apply in the different segments of the story. Answer the numbered questions after each story segment. Cite authors or theories when appropriate. The case is drawn from "Perspectives on Learning" by D.C. Phillips and Jonas F. Soltis; New York: Teachers College Press, 2004.

Coursework Sample Content Preview:

Learning and Memory
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Professor’s Name
July 11, 2021
Learning and Memory
Question one
The cognitive constructivism theory states that knowledge is constructed by students based on the cognitive structures and capabilities that exist. Learning, therefore, depends on the stage and extent of cognitive development. The teaching strategies in the cognitivist approach purpose to help learners take in and process new information in regard to the existing knowledge. The central idea in the constructivism theory is that learning in students is built and constructed upon existing knowledge (Milena & Petra, 2021). The theory bases its concepts on several principles. First, knowledge is constructed, and not absorbed. Secondly, learning occurs through active engagement. In other words, it is an active process. Every knowledge is constructed through social activity. Every student usually has a unique point of view; therefore, knowledge is said to be personal. Finally, learning occurs in the mind and does not stay in line with any reality in the world. In the case presented, two major principles of learning that are failing are relevance and transference. Regarding relevance, the material is centered on content rather than problem-solving. Regarding transference, the topic and subject cannot be applied to a real job situation (Milena & Petra, 2021).
Question two
When Dick finally developed a brilliant idea that finally seemed to work, some learning had undoubtedly occurred. The kind of learning that occurred to Dick is Cognitive learning. Cognitive learning looks at the mental processes of people. Students can be influenced by internal and external factors that affect and influence the efficacy of learning (Bolkan et al., 2017). Understanding one's thought processes help them to change their perceptions and practices. They are able to think out of the box and develop major ideas for problem-solving. Once Dick understood his thought processes, he was able to utilize the knowledge and construct a better learning and practice opportunity.
Question three
Dick applied several cognitive/constructivist principles. First, he utilized the principle that knowledge is constructed and not passively taken in. In human beings, learning is built and constructed on previously built knowledge. The existing knowledge influences the extent to which an individual will take in new knowledge. Secondly, Dick utilized the principle that learning is an active process. Students will only take meaning out of a concept through active engagement with reality such as through experiments and solving problems using real examples. Thirdly, learning is constructed socially. It should be done while interacting with each other to maximize comprehension and level of interest. Finally, learning exists in the mind. Students will continually construct reality based on how they understand and comprehend new concepts. They will keep on updating their mental capacities to contain new information (Milena & Petra, 2021).
Question four
Changing the teaching method showed great improvements in the learni...
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