Health and Medicine

Health and Medicine
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Health and Medicine
Introduction
Chronic kidney disease has become a health concern in the world today. The disease has been majorly linked to increase risk of developing cardiovascular related symptoms. Further, chronic kidney disease is also associated with chronic renal dysfunction. According to an American journal, it is approximated that 1 out of 9 individuals in USA have shown signs of chronic kidney disease. According to Reynolds et al (2004), these symptoms range from proteinuria with renal clearance to advanced renal failure that requires replacing the renal organ either by transplant or dialysis, which is, referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), Gross J, Azevedo M, Silveiro S, et al (2005). It has been noted that, the disease has prevalence has increased, with poor medication response by the patients and increased cost of management and treatment of the disease. Mortality due to related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases have been in the rise, Culleton and Hemmelgarn (2003)
Discuss the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease and how it interrelates pathophysiologically with diabetes and obesity
Chronic kidney disease may be caused by successive renal dysfunction, farmilalial disease or may result due to hereditary condition affecting glomerulo tubular functions that develops over a long period. In cats, the most common histopathology linked to chronic kidney disease is tubule interstitial nephritis, Gross J, Azevedo M, Silveiro S, et al (2005). The main cause of chronic kidney disease has not been identified. However, the associated lesions to chronic kidney disease are permanent and usually progressive.
Though the kidney nephrons remain intact, they undergo hypertrophy to compensate for the lost neprones so as to maintain their functionality. Though neprones undergo this adaptive mechanism to maintain their functionality, this result to increase neprone damage and hence resulting increased kidney dysfunction. This results to homeostatic regulation failure thus, leading to increased mineral imbalance in the blood. This is due to retention of mineral due to failure of the kidney neprones to function normally, Retnakaran et al. (2006), Schiffrin et al (2007). Although there is no known treatment which can restore the permanent renal lesions, resultant clinical symptoms to the patients resulting from renal dysfunction may be minimized by subjecting the patients to the right disease management practices.
Among children, chronic kidney disease results to retarded growth, thus children do not attain the hereditary height even after medication. The growth failure is correlated to the degree of renal dysfunction. Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease have high chances of being victims of cardiovascular disease, Gross et al (2005). Further, uremia metabolism, linked to chronic kidney disease is partiall...