Topic Cardiovascular Disorders

Topic: Topic Cardiovascular Disorders
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The elderly world population has led to increasing numbers of elderly patients, among whom cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death. Variations in cardiac physiology with regular aging and predominant comorbidities result in changes in the effects of common cardiac issues as well as the reaction to their treatments. Patient-focused objectives of care such as maintenance of independence and reduction of indications may be considered over increased longevity. Research has shown that after menopause, women have an increased risk of heart illness (Lakatta, 2007).
So far the proposed medication is a combination of prescribed drugs that help manage the severity of the illness and extend an individual’s life. The suggested drugs have their pros and cons relative to the normal functioning of the human body. Metformin can be used unaccompanied or combined with other prescriptions, such as insulin, to treat type 2 diabetes (condition with the patient in the case study). Metformin aids in controlling the amount of sugar in the blood by depressing the amount of glucose absorbed from the food and the amount of glucose made by one’s liver. It also increases body's response to insulin, a natural substance that regulates the volume of glucose in the blood. Contraindications of the drug include old age, renal impairment, and cardiac insufficiency, respiratory failure, and severe liver disorders some of which are increasingly disregarded (A. Holstein, 2005).
Atorvastatin is in the group of drugs called satin which prevents the making of cholesterol in the liver by restricting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that creates cholesterol. Satins decrease overall cholesterol as well as LDL-cholesterol in the blood. LDL-cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol) is mainly responsible for the advancement of coronary artery disease (U. S. Department of Health Services, 2012). Decreasing LDL cholesterol volume retards progression and may even inverse blood vessel complication. Atorvastatin also increases the concentrations of HDL "good" cholesterol that guards against coronary artery disease and lessens the amount of triglycerides in the blood, which is being associated with coronary artery infection. Atorvastatin side effects’ include constipation, fatigue diarrhoea, heartburn, gas, and headache. Atorvastatin may also cause liver and muscle damage. Patients using atorvastatin are advised to contact their doctors immediately they start to develop such symptoms asbaffling muscle pain, weakness, or muscle soreness, to get medical attention (McMurry, 2011).
Clopidogrel medication is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. It functions by stopping or slowing platelets from cling to blood vessel walls or damaged tissues. By doing so it assists in decreasing the risk of heart conditions, stroke or death in patients who earlier had a stroke or heart attack, have other cardiovascular problems caused by constriction and hardening of the arteries, or have some other heart problems (e.g., unstable angina)...