Drug Research: Cefazolin (Cephazolin; Ancef, Kefzol)

Drug Research: Cefazolin (Cephazolin; Ancef, Kefzol)
Name
Institution
Patient Case Scenario 1
Mr. y is a 78 year old retired teacher with type 1 diabetes. He has managed this condition for close to two years and he runs a butchery business which he started after his retirement. He lives with his wife who is in her mid sixty. He was brought to hospital suffering from pneumonia. His condition can be treated with cefazolin antibiotic which is very effective in treating most of the illnesses caused by gram –positive and some gram negative bacteria. Care should be taken to avoid or minimize adverse effects or even drug interaction because of the drugs he uses to manage his diabetic condition.
Case scenario 2
Mrs. W is a young woman who is 26 years old. She is a mother of one child who is 3 years old. She lives with her husband who is tender and caring as well as the sole bread winner of the family. She came into the hospital with complains of the lower abdominal ache and back ache. On examination, the lab tests indicated that she had severe urinary tract infection caused by susceptible bacterial organisms. She was prescribed cefazolin antibiotic to treat her condition. Care should be taken to avoid drug interaction because she is on family planning pills. She should be advised accordingly to ensure that she understands how the drug works and the possible adverse effects and how to manage them.
Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Effects
Cefazolin just like other drugs in the class of Cephalosporins exert their bactericidal action by inhibiting the later stages of bacterial cell wall formation. Specifically cefazolin inactivates one or several penicillin-binding proteins as well as blocking cross-linking of peptidoglycan structure. In addition, cephalosporins are thought to be involved in activation of bacterial cell autolysins which are likely to cause bacterial cell wall lysis (Lilley et al, 2010).
Therapeutic Uses
The therapeutic classification of cefazolin is a First-Generation –Cephalosporin and is an antibiotic that is effective against a large spectrum of antimicrobial. It is effective against Gram-positive bacteria such as MSSA (methicillin –susceptible Staphylococcus aureus), coagulase negative Staphylococci, Streptococci species, penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumonia and also Gram negative bacteria such as Maraxella catarrhalis , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis (Lilley et al, 2010). The drugs classified in first class generation cephalosporin are prescribed to treat various conditions such as septicemia, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, bacteria endocarditis, otitis media, soft tissue and skin infections, urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacterial organisms and burn wound infections. Cefazolin is the preferred drug for use in perioperative prophylaxis because it has a longer half-life (Mazuski, 2009).
Pharmacokinetic including Aspects of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Drug
Cefalozin is administered either through intramuscular or intravenous routes. It well absorbed and is excreted untransformed in the urine primarily through glomerular filtration and to a lesser level through tu...