Drug Treatment for Offenders

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...Offenders are probably one of the unhealthiest subpopulations in our society. According to the National Household Survey on Drug Use and 1 Iealth (NHSDUH), individuals on probation and parole are four times more likely to have substance abuse disorders than the general population (SAMHSA, 2008). They are also more likely to have mental health disorders (Abram & Teplin, 1991; SAMHSA, 2008). Offenders have more somatic health disorders than the general population (Taxman, Cropsey, Gallagher, under review). These physical health disorders affect success in substance abuse treatment and correctional programs that are designed to reduce criminal behavior. Health disorders include asthma, cardiac disorders, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and HEP C. Juvenile offenders are less likely to be immunized than youth overall, and are at higher risk for suicide (Gallagher & Dobbin, 2006). In total, the offender population has a number of unmet medical needs. Constitutional mandates ensure that offenders in prison and jail receive basic medical services while offenders in the community do not have that protection. One study in North Carolina found that offenders returning to the community from prison placed the community at risk for increased sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancies (Thomas & Torrone, 2006); a recent study of youth involved in the juvenile justice system found that they were twice as likely to have sexually transmitted diseases, but unlikely to receive health care due to the high cost of treatment for sexually transmitted diseases at public health clinics. The unmet medical and psychological needs of the adult and juvenile offender populations negatively affect the community, and increase the costs to society. For the most part, less than half of the offenders have completed high school or received a GED (Harlowe, 2003)....