Review Of Peer Reviewed Articles On Global Warming

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Global Warming
Introduction
The temperature on earth depends on the balance that exists between the incoming energy from the Sun and the energy that bounces back to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbs the heat that would have otherwise escaped from earth’s atmosphere to space. Some of the absorbed energy is transmitted back to the earth, which causes heating. A majority of CO2 emissions come from the burning of fossil fuels for energy purposes (Oliveira et al. 597). For instance, the transport sector is a major contributor to the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. With the earth’s population increasing, the emission of CO2 has also increased, leading to the rise of global temperatures. An increase in global temperatures has adverse effects. For instance, warmer conditions cause evaporation and precipitation, which may cause some regions to become wetter while others dryer.
Further, a stronger greenhouse causes the warming of the oceans and the melting of the glaciers hence increasing the sea level. While plants and crops may respond favorably to the increase in temperatures due to global warming, other crops and plant may not withstand the change. This means that the shifting patterns may change the areas where some crops can grow. Given the adverse effects of global warming, it is critical to come up with ways of mitigating it. Since CO2 is the major contributor to global warming, individuals should work towards reducing the emission of the gas. Failure to do so will cause an increase in the concentration of CO2, which will further increase the global temperatures.
Ekwurzel, Brenda, et al. "The rise in global atmospheric CO 2, surface temperature, and sea level from emissions traced to major carbon producers." Climatic Change 144.4 (2017): 579-590.
Ekwurzel et al. (2017) studied the increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
The researchers used a climate-carbon-cycle model to determine the changes in the concentrations of both CO2 and CH4. The use of climate models that depended upon reduced-complexity was critical in this study. When they are calibrated with historical observations, the climate models can offer a robust output to characterize CO2. Further, the approach was critical because it gave room for natural and anthropogenic forcing to added or removed to the test. The model used in the study was based on the impulse response function approach contained in the IPCC fifth assessment report (AR5). The parameters were consisted with the AR5 atmospheric residence times for CO2 under the current climatic conditions. In order to determine the contribution of global mean surface temperature (GMST), the researchers included CH4 data for emissions that were traced back to the Carbon producers. The changes that were observed in GMST were used to calculate the rise in global sea level (GSL) by making use of the semi-empirical modeling developed by Kopp and others (2016). The results demonstrated that the carbon producers were responsible for 57% of the increase in CO2 in the atmosphere and 29-35% of GMST. The researchers concluded by indicating the need for non-state actors like fossil fuel companies to conside...