The Meaning of Information and the Structures to Determine Effective Decision-making

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Reflection Paper: The Meaning of Information
I understand information as data related to a particular object, event, or situation, which has been processed to provide the factual or perceptual realities or meanings to facilitate appropriate processing and effective decision-making. The structures influence which information is required and consequently determine the need for certain information, often defining the antecedents of that information and leading to the contexts that such information would be imperative. For instance, in marketing communication, different perspectives have been attributed to successful decision-making and appropriate research and development of innovative products. The meaning of information relies on the existing structures that make it possible to obtain it and the existing standards to support information acquisition. In this reflection piece, I have critically appraised the meaning of information and found out that structures determine the course of effective decision-making while standards affect the accuracy of information obtained.
The structural base of antecedents used to determine the need for information has been quoted as a relating course of decisions. Quoting past studies, it has become evident that “cross-functional communication correlates positively with innovation success” (Moenart and Souder 1592). The antecedents that drive the need for information determine the main course of decision-making by influencing the contextual background for such information. While antecedents may differ, it emerges that information must constitute of “facts, truths, principles, experience-based insights, exemplary practices, and empirical results” (Moenart and Souder 1593), and as such, decision-making teams should always consider “novelty, relevance, credibility and comprehensibility” (Moenart and Souder 1594). For instance, the decision-maker must base their verdict on tested credible knowledge to contribute to the scarce information circles.
One of the core insights of information obtained is that the sources of information often vary. However, primary research is inevitably important because it provides teams with the chance to obtain first-hand information when making a decision based on the immediate relevance to the eventual verdict. One of the critical examples that could be used to illustrate the use of information in primary research is that of Komar University from its primary research of factors of interest to admissions as documented by Ali (1). Ali’s findings indicated that university placement advertisements made by the higher institution of learning had greater attention at a much lower cost than those produced by third-party advertising agencies because the latter did not take primary research to determine the insights that influence advertisement attention to admissions. It follows then that internal consistency is crucial in obtaining relevant in...