Final Exam SPC, ISO, and EFQM

Final Exam
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Final Exam
Response to question 1: SPC, ISO, and EFQM
Statistical Process Control essentially refers to a method utilized to monitor, control, as well as improve a manufacturing process by statistical analysis. Processes sometimes show excessive variation which produces results that are undesirable. Within the context of manufacturing process optimization, SPC is employed to decrease variation to attain the best target value. The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model is basically a self-assessment framework that is used to measure the strengths as well as areas for improvement of a company across all of the company’s activities. EFQM Excellence Model centers on what a company could do, or does, to offer an outstanding product or service to its stakeholders, service users, or customers. The International Organization for Standardization, also referred to as ISO, is an organization that develops and publishes International Standards and it ensures that services/products are actually harmless, of good quality, as well as reliable. ISO International Standards are strategic tools which lower costs by reducing errors and waste and increasing output.
Response to question 2: Applying the 7 quality tools
Check sheet: a prepared, structured formed that is used to collect and analyze data. This is essentially a generic tool which can actually be adapted for many purposes.
Fishbone or Cause and Effect Diagram: this tool is used in identifying several likely causes for a problem or an effect and sorts ideas into categories that are useful.
Pareto Chart: used to show on a bar graph the factors that are more important.
Histogram: graph that is used to show frequency distributions, or to show how often each dissimilar value within a date set occurs.
Control charts: graphical tools utilized to examine how a process alters over time.
Scatter Diagrams: this is used to analyze correlations between 2 variables. Pairs of numerical data are placed on a graph, one variable on every axis in order to try to find a relationship.
Flow chart: utilized in documenting process flows. It is employed when trying to discover breakdowns or bottlenecks within the current system processes.
Response to question 3: Taguchi Loss Function
According to Taguchi, Quality Level is the Total Loss that the society incurs because of failure of a product to perform as desired whenever it deviates or it moves away from the delivered target performance levels. This comprises costs that are associated with poor performance, operating costs, as well as any extra costs because of harmful side effects of the product in use.
Considering Taguchi Loss Function:
Smaller is Better:

Larger is Better:
Nominal is Best:
In the L(y) equation, k is found from:
Example of Loss Function: nominal is best
The average loss of a process can be defined as:
Where s implies Standard Deviation of the process/product; and ybar is t...