Examining Effective Teaching Methods for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy

Teaching Methods on PMTCT
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Examining Effective Teaching Methods for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy
Purpose of the Research
The 27 research articles annotated reveal that there is high numbers of infection and deaths caused by transmission from mother to child during pregnancy. It is indicated in the researches that various PMTCT for HIV/AIDS have been implemented to educate people on the importance of PMTCT. However, there is a relatively high rate of MTCT for HIV/AIDS. Thus, there is a higher need for competent skilled healthcare providers who can effectively sensitize on the awareness on the effective use of PMTCT by mothers and families as well as adherence to the PMTCT policy and program. Therefore, the surveys presented were purposed to examine the effective teaching methods for the PMTCT of HIV/AIDS during the pregnancy as well as assessing the risks of HIV transmission and survival associated with infant feeding programs besides assessing the effectiveness of drug therapy among expectant mothers who are HIV positive as well as examine their adherence to voluntary counseling and testing.
Background Information
Mother to child transmission (MTCT) or vertical transmission according to the highlighted articles indicates that HIV/AIDS normally happens during pregnancy, labor and delivery and breastfeeding time (Coutsoudis, et al., 1999). In an effort to reduce the rise in vertical transmission especially the MTCT of HIV/AIDS among people, implementation of the preventive measures should be addressed. For instance, numerous teaching methods have been used to equip mothers with the knowledge on the PMTCT especially by creating awareness on the impacts of MTCT, involvement of men in ensuring implementation of PMTCT. For example a research conducted by Nduati, Richardson, John, Mbori-Ngacha, Mwatha, Ndinya-Achola, and Kreiss (2001) on a randomised trail on the effect of breastfeeding on mortality among HIV-1 infected women in Nairobi Kenya. The result indicated a higher rate of mortality among mothers who breastfed their infants than those who opted for the formula group at 69%. Furthermore, there was a relationship between maternal death and the subsequent deaths after administration of PMTCT measures (Nduati, et al., 2001).
On a separate note, Stringer, Sinkala, Mzyece, Makuka, Goldenberg and Vermund (2003) asserted that the training on the use of nevirapine as a method of ensuring PMTCT in Lusaka Zambia. Even though the training faced several challenges, about 190 infants were found to be HIV negative whose mothers were trained on the use of the program. Henceforth, the various teaching methods on PMTCT for HIV/AIDS as indicated in the 27 articles include
Establishment of the ANC and ART clinics where nevirapine, zidovudine and lamivudine are administered to mothers and infants, practicing exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding programs, performing voluntary HIV counseling and disclosure among the couples and ensuring infant feeding programs. Other techniques include training programs for NVP perinatal HIV prevention, implementation of HAART and performing cesarean delivery programs to avoid MTCT of HIV-1.
Studies in relation...