Arguments, Standardform and the Criterial Method

Arguments, standard form, the criterial method
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Question 1
* Every argument has at least one conclusion.
TRUE. An argument refers to a set of statements or claims offered as reasons to believe that at least one of the claims is true. The arguments could be good or bad so long the author tries to support and offer good reasons for a conclusion, successfully or unsuccessfully.
b) If a premise is false, it is always irrelevant to its conclusion.
 False. A premise is an argument that provides a reason for believing another claim in an argument. If an argument is valid, then it has true premises and a conclusion. Hence, if an argument has false premises, the conclusion will be inaccurate; ergo, the false premise is relevant to its conclusion.
c) Every adequate argument has at least one acceptable premise.
  True. All valid arguments have true premises that result in true conclusions. Thus, if an argument is accurate, it must have at least one true premise.    
d) On the most plausible interpretation of the author’s intention, the following is most charitably read as an argument:
 “When asked why she is a prostitute despite having been beaten up on numerous occasions, Lynne—not her real name—says that it is because she was abused as a child, has little education, and no hope of finding a job that pays as well.” 
FALSE. An argument presents a conclusion whose claim tries to persuade, justify and offer evidence being considered, and reasons are provided for thinking it is true. In this passage, however, Lynne being a prostitute is not in dispute, and reasons are only given to explain how she got into this situation. Thus, not an argument but an explanation.
 e) On the most plausible interpretation of the author’s intention, the following is most charitably read as an argument:
“Christa’s upset stomach was entirely predictable.  After all, the shrimp she had for dinner were raw and months past their expiry date.”
TRUE. An argument aims at justifying and persuading a claim to be accurate by offering an explanation as evidence. In this case, the arguments justify the conclusion of the claim “Christa’s upset stomach was entirely predictable.” Additionally, it offers two pieces of evidence to support the claim, making use of the premise indicator, “after all.”
  f) On the most plausible interpretation of the author’s intention, the following is most charitably read as an argument: 
 “If O’Toole is so popular with Canadians, how come he is in a dead heat with Trudeau and behind in Quebec?  True, he is doing well in Alberta, but that is a conservative heartland.  Winning there certainly doesn’t show that he has national appeal.  O’Toole popular across the country?  I don’t think so.” 
 TRUE. The argument considers the claim “O’Toole popular across the country?” by giving v...