Hypertension and the Pathophysiological Changes in the Heart and Eyes

Hypertension
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Hypertension
The patient in the case study is experiencing dyspnea or shortness of breath due to high blood pressure. This means that his heart is overworking whenever he does some exercise like climbing stairs, and his age is another factor that acts as a catalyst in the rising of the high-pressure levels. It is because of the same reasons that the patient is also experiencing nose bleeding, which is the main factor leading to his dizziness and blurry visions. Therefore, all these symptoms being experienced by the patient are a result of high blood pressure, which is a result of his hypertension condition and old age. The exercises that he engages in, on the other hand, only act as a catalyst to whatever he is experiencing.
A pathophysiological change that the patient is most likely experiencing in his heart is the swelling of the heart walls or muscles due to the high blood pressure caused by the exercises that he engages in. In return, the muscles swelling causes the heart to become too weak from the extra work it does, hence failing to pump the blood effectively. As a result, the oxygenated blood from the lungs seems to be blocked into the heart as only a smaller portion of the blood gets to flow into the heart. The excess oxygenated blood is then forced back into the lungs, which eventually causes shortness of breath and nose bleeding. The excess loss of blood through nose bleeding, on the other hand, is what is associated with dizziness and the blurry vision that the patient seems to be experiencing, and in some cases, the patient might faint (Lopes et al., 2013).
Congestive heart failure can be right-side (right ventricle), left-sid...