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Benchmark - Patient's Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Medicine Essay

Essay Instructions:

Benchmark - Patient's Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 


In addition to the topic study materials, use the chart you completed and questions you answered in the Topic 3 about "Case Study: Healing and Autonomy" as the basis for your responses in this assignment.
Answer the following questions about a patient's spiritual needs in light of the Christian worldview.
In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient's autonomy? Explain your rationale.
In 400-500 words, respond to the following: How ought the Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in James's care?
In 200-250 words, respond to the following: How would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike determine appropriate interventions for James and for his family or others involved in his care?
Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Attempt Start Date: 30-Mar-2020 at 12:00:00 AM
Due Date: 05-Apr-2020 at 11:59:59 PM
Maximum Points: 200.0
RUBRIC { Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points
PHI-413V PHI-413V-O503 Benchmark - Patient's Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 200.0

Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less Than Satisfactory (65.00%) Satisfactory (75.00%) Good (85.00%) Excellent (100.00%) Comments Points Earned
Content 90.0%
Decision-Making and Principle of Autonomy 30.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the principle of autonomy. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy lack details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives with details according to the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives with a deep understanding of the complexity of the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses.

Decision-Making, Christian Perspective, and the Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence 30.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, but the analysis is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed with details according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed with deep understanding of the complexity of the Christian perspective, as well as with the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses.

Spiritual Needs Assessment and Intervention (C1.2, 5.2) 30.0% How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is not analyzed. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is analyzed, but unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with details. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with a deep understanding of the connection between a spiritual needs assessment and providing appropriate interventions. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses.


Organization, Effectiveness, and Format 10.0%
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 5.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent and/or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Total Weightage 100%

 

Applying the Four Principles: Case Study

Part 1: Chart (60 points)

Based on the “Healing and Autonomy” case study, fill out all the relevant boxes below. Provide the information by means of bullet points or a well-structured paragraph in the box. Gather as much data as possible.

 

Medical Indications

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Patient Preferences

Autonomy

 

 

Quality of Life

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy

Contextual Features

Justice and Fairness

 

 

 

 

Part 2: Evaluation

Answer each of the following questions about how principlism would be applied:

  1. 1.      In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, which of the four principles is most pressing in this case? Explain why. (45 points)

 

 

  1. 2.      In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, how might a Christian rank the priority of the four principles? Explain why. (45 points)

 

 

References:

Applying the Four Principles: Case Study

Part 1: Chart (60 points)

Based on the “Healing and Autonomy” case study, fill out all the relevant boxes below. Provide the information by means of bullet points or a well-structured paragraph in the box. Gather as much data as possible.

 

Medical Indications

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Patient Preferences

Autonomy

ü  Medical indications refer to the facts used to make a diagnosis and determine the nature of a health problem.

ü  Beneficence involves acting with the best intention while non-beneficence requires healthcare providers to prevent harm from occurring to the patient.

ü   James’ parents acted in his best interests even though it was obvious that his condition would worsen if not attended to by a doctor.

ü   They had no intent to harm James and they reported back to the hospital when his condition worsened.

ü  A patient’s preference is the expression of that patient’s choices. Autonomy focuses on the right of an individual to make a personal choice (Frank, 2013).

ü  From the case study, it is evident that the patient is underage (8 years), thus, unable to exercise his autonomy.

ü  However, James’ parents should have consulted with him to ensure he is aware and accepts any decision they make.

ü  The clinician should have educated the parents concerning James’ right of preference in terms of autonomy. 

Quality of Life

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy

Contextual Features

Justice and Fairness

ü  Quality of life relates to important medical elements of the life of an individual prior to and after receiving treatment.

ü   James’ condition improved after continuously undergoing dialysis.

ü  Nevertheless, his condition would be much better if he undergoes a kidney transplant. In this regard, his parents are torn between allowing his brother to donate his kidney or rely on faith.

ü  From a beneficence point of view, the parents should allow James to get a kidney transplant because his condition worsened when they relied on faith.

ü  However, they should consult James and his brother before making any decision.

ü  Contextual features refer to the familial, legal, and social surroundings that impact an individual healthcare decision (Gillon, 2018). James’ parents are influenced to rely on their faith rather than allow James to have a kidney transplant.

ü  The conflict of interest arises when Jame’ tissues match with that of his brother.

ü  James’ parents think that if faith does not heal their son, then it is only just and fair if one of them donates the kidney rather than their other son.

 

 

Part 2: Evaluation

Answer each of the following questions about how principlism would be applied:

  1. 1.      In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, which of the four principles is most pressing in this case? Explain why. (45 points)

From the case study, it is clear that beneficence is the most pressing principle. The principle of beneficence requires all individuals to behave ethically in a way that their actions promote good (Rich & Butts, 2014). James’ parents are acting with the best intentions in mind towards their son’s health. At first, they believe that faith will heal their son and even take him back home. However, they take him back to the hospital when his condition worsens. When the idea of kidney transplant arises, they contemplate about it but still hold onto their faith. This shows that human beings can derive various ways of caring for their loved ones when they are in trouble. As a result, it is normal for James’ parents to express concern over their other son donating his kidney because they are also thinking about his wellbeing.

The significance of the principle of beneficence can be drawn from the Bible, which commands all Christians to ““love your neighbor as yourself.” This command simply requires all Christians to treat, care, and help others. For doctors, providing the best available treatment is how they practice beneficence. It is the urge to help others that motivate individuals to become doctors.

 

 

 

2.  In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, how might a Christian rank the priority of the four principles? Explain why. (45 points)

A Christian will prioritize beneficence followed by non-maleficence. Fairness and autonomy come in third and fourth position respectively. Beneficence comes first because parents should care by acting in their children’s best interests. In the case study, James’ parents took him to the hospital, displayed a tremendous amount of faith and even contemplated the idea of a kidney transplant.  All their actions were solely related to how James would get better. For doctors, beneficence is practiced when they offer the best available treatment to their patients. Non-maleficence comes second because it is closely related to beneficence. Under this principle, all Christians have a moral obligation not to cause harm to others.

Fairness comes third and requires all Christians to exercise justice and fairness in all their dealings. Fairness is significant to Christians because fighting for justice in a world that is unjust is one of the fundamental pillars of Christianity. In the healthcare sector, this principle compels doctors to treat all patients alike and distribute healthcare resources fairly (Frank & Rich, 2014). Autonomy comes last because although each individual need to express his/her will, the choices must be within acceptable boundaries. For instance, Adam could eat the fruits of other trees but was forbidden from eating the fruits of the middle tree. In healthcare, the doctor will inform and respect the decision of the patient. However, the decision will not be respected if it is questionable from a moral point of view.  

 

 

 

References

Frank, L. (2013). Person-centered care, autonomy, and the definition of health. The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(8), 59-61.

Gillon, R. (2018). Principlism, virtuism, and the spirit of oneness. In Healthcare Ethics, Law and Professionalism (pp. 45-59). Routledge.

Rich, K., & Butts, J. B. (2014). Foundations of ethical nursing practice. Role development in professional nursing practice, 105-122.

 

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Spiritual Needs
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Introduction
The influence of faith and general religious beliefs can play a great role in the decisions made in a healthcare setting. There seems to be almost an unending realization to the fact that this not only has a greater implication on the wellbeing of a patient but also the overall conscience of the decision-makers. In this particular case, there is much scrutiny concerning the decisions being made by both Mike and Joan, concerning the situation that their son James, is facing. The couple is quite firm believers of Christianity and as a result, withholds the decision to seek medical intervention for their son, in the hope and belief that he would be divinely healed. All the decisions that they make at that point would also affect the future condition or situation of their son. Medical issues to do with autonomy and even rationality are analyzed through a Christian perspective.
Question 1
The physician needs to step in and remind Mike of the grave medical circumstances surrounding his son. He needs to remind mike that within one year, James' life would be literally on the balance if he doesn't have a kidney transplant. His health would deteriorate rapidly and leave him on the balance. The complications and financial implications of such a scenario would be very serious for the couple. As a result, Mike needs to be reminded that, while it is the power of God to heal people, it is also upon him and his wife to make the healing possible by allowing the medical procedures to go ahead as planned. It is only after one makes an effort to seek healing, that God also comes in and heals.
It is indeed true that there exists spiritual healing based on an individual’s faith. However, there are instances where there needs to be the use of rationality in making decisions. Rational decisions are always demanded, in both science, religion and life in general (Blackford, 2012). Such decisions usually take into consideration the gravity of the matter at hand and the most feasible or practical way forward. Mike needs to understand that the best way to handle the situation is to let the doctors do their work, while he and his wife, engage in prayers too. In that manner, both the work of man and God will merge and result in healing. The physician should, therefore, not allow irrational decisions from Mike.
Question 2
Religion and faith in general always have an explanation for everything. Diseases and suffering are usually interpreted as either temptation like what Job experienced in the Bible, or some sort of punishment from God (Toews, 2013). The couple believes that their son’s sickness is just a test of their steadfastness in faith. Christians ought to think about sickness and health as a normal part of life, two things that will always keep on interchanging as life progresses. While looking at the life of Jesus Christ, he healed many medical conditions terming some as caused by spirits and not others (Karani, 2017). Those he didn't term as caused by spirits are therefore medical conditions that need to be handled as such and dealt with by medical professionals.
Consequently, Christians need to think about medical intervention as part of Christ...
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