Subject area is psychological statistics. This an abstract, Apa format, not less than 100 words. Please follow the abstract topic and instructions uploaded. There are two samples, chose one out of them.

Abstract Summary Instructions

An abstract is a summary of a research study that usually consists of of 300 to 500 words. An abstract tells readers about the rationale for a study, previous related studies, the methods used, the results of the study, and the researcher's view of the study's importance. In most scientific journals, an abstract appears at the beginning of an article. They also appear in data bases such as PsycINFO (Links to an external site.), the American Psychological Association's online collection of nearly 5,000,000 abstracts of psychological research articles. 

When writing research papers, psychology students must often summarize a study in many fewer words than are typically found in an abstract. Thus, when describing a study in a research paper, a student is summarizing a summary. The purpose of this assignment is to help you learn to do that. I have provided you with two samples. Be sure to review them before you start working on your first abstract summary.

Here are the steps to follow for each summary:

• Review the Sample 1 and Sample 2 to ensure that you understand what the final product is supposed to look like. 


• Click Abstracts and choose one of the abstracts for which links are provided.
  
  
  
  • If you use an abstract that is not posted in this module, your grade will be zero.
  
  
  
  


• Write a three-sentence (no more, no less) summary that includes
  
  
  
  • Purpose of the study
  
  
  • Methods used
  
  
  • Results
  
  
  • APA citation
  
  
  
  


• An APA reference must follow the summary.
  
  
  
  • See this page (Links to an external site.) for instructions and examples.
  
  
  
  


• Length: No more than 100 words. (Word limit applies only to the three-sentence summary.)


• Mechanics: -1 point for each error in spelling, grammar, capitalization, punctuation, etc.


• Submit the summary using the provided link.


• Late penalty 4 points

Grading Rubric

Sample 1

Abstract Summary

Patient Expectancy as a Mediator of Placebo Effects in Antidepressant Clinical Trials

Rutherford, et al. (2017) examined the degree to which patients' expectations mediated placebo effects in an 8-week clinical trial of citalopram. After assessing patients' expectations, the experimenters randomly assigned them to treatment and placebo groups, after which they again assessed their expectations. Data analyses revealed (a) treatment group patients had higher post-randomization expectations, (b) feelings of depression declined more rapidly in the treatment group, and (c) patients with higher expectations in both groups reported lower levels of depression at the end of the trial.

Rutherford, B., Wall, M., Brown, P., Choo, T., Wager, D., Peterson, B., Chung, S., Kirsch, I., and Roose, S. (2017). Patient expectancy as a mediator of placebo effects in antidepressant clinical trials [Abstract]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 135-132. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020225. 

         Sample 2

Abstract Summary

Antidepressant Study Design Affects Patient Expectancy: A Pilot Study

In an 8-week clinical trial, Rutherford, Sneed, Devanand, Eisenstadt, and Roose (2010) compared expectancy effects in placebo-controlled studies to those that occur in studies comparing alternative treatments. Researchers assessed expected treatment effects before and after randomly assigning patients to comparative-treatment and placebo-controlled tracks. Data analyses revealed that patients assigned to the comparative-treatment track expected larger improvements than those who were assigned to the placebo-controlled track.

Rutherford, B., Sneed, J., Devanand, D., Eisenstadt, R., & Roose, S. (2010). Antidepressant study design affects patient expectancy: A pilot study. Psychological Medicine, 40, 781-788. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0033291709991085 (Links to an external site.).